Bernard Martin
North America (Newfoundland, Canada)

You must have the RealPlayer for video and audio. Meet Bernard in video for fast connections (ISDN or faster) Meet Bernard in video for medium connections (28.8 or better) Meet Bernard in audio for slower connections (under 28.8)

Bernard Martin, 45, was raised in the small fishing community of Petty Harbour, Newfoundland. Like his father, grandfather and great-grandfather before him, Martin has chosen the life of an inshore fisher. Petty Harbour's history as a fishing community dates back to the early 1600s. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, European factory trawlers began to indiscriminately ravage the Grand Banks cod fishery. Meanwhile, the Canadian government promoted the modernization of the inshore fishery by introducing monofilament bottom gillnets. Alarmed, the village of Petty Harbour petitioned the Canadian government and created the ten-mile Petty Harbour/Maddox Cove protected fishing area. In 1983 the Petty Harbour Fishermen's Cooperative was formed, giving fishers control over production and marketing of their own fish for the first time. By resisting destructive fishing techniques in favor of more traditional methods, the reserve remained effective for 30 years, but with continual assault outside its perimeter and compromises within its interior, by the early nineties it too was threatened. In July 1992, while Martin and others traveled across Newfoundland speaking out about the devastation, the once unthinkable came to pass; there were simply not enough cod in the ocean to support the fishing industry. Almost overnight 40,000 people in Newfoundland and Labrador, including Martin, were thrown out of work, the biggest layoff in Canada's history.

After witnessing the warning signs firsthand, Martin had participated in a fishery linkage between Newfoundland and Nicaragua sponsored by Oxfam-Canada between 1986 and 1990 and began speaking out against European and Canadian factory trawlers, which indiscriminately "strip mine" the ocean floor. Determined that the Grand Banks disaster not be repeated, in 1993 Martin and others founded Fishers Organized for the Revitalization of Communities and Ecosystems (FORCE). He spoke on behalf of sustainable fishing methods at a UN Conference. In 1993 Martin joined the "Clayoquot Express," a trainload of environmentalists which traveled across Canada to publicize the decimation of fisheries on Canada's East Coast, and the parallel destruction of the magnificent old-growth forests of the country's west. Martin served nine days in prison in 1994 for blockading logging roads in Clayoquot Sound.

Recognizing the alarming patterns of decline among fisheries worldwide, Martin traveled to New Zealand and Eritrea to meet with fishers and assess the problems facing their fisheries. Since 1995 he has been involved in the Sentinel Survey, a five-year program to monitor cod stocks on traditional fishing grounds under the community sponsorship of the Petty Harbour Fishers Coop. Martin and others concluded that such vigilance could have prevented the collapse of the northern cod stocks. In 1995 and 1996 he crisscrossed Newfoundland and Labrador, working with the Protected Areas Association to discuss ideas such as no-entry zones, no-take at certain times of the year and various gear restrictions, and traveled to Alaska to speak about the consequences of collapsed fisheries. Martin spent one year as coordinator of the Newfoundland and Labrador Oceans Caucus, and has helped document the history of the protected fishing area of Petty Harbour. He also works to draw attention to the presence of "ghost nets" - lost gill nets that continue to trap marine creatures indiscriminately and indefinitely.

"When I speak to people in other parts of the world about the collapse of Canada's East Coast fisheries, I like to say, 'if we have nothing else to offer at least take some lessons from us in how not to manage your fisheries,'" says Martin. "Ultimately, that may be our most valuable fisheries export."